Bit wise Operators in C

 Bit Operations

 One's Compliment operator

    Ø  Bitwise one's compliment operator will invert the binary bits.

Ø  Bitwise compliment operator is an unary operator. It is denoted by ~.

Ø  It changes 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. i.e. If a bit is 1, it will change it to 0. and If the bit is 0, it will change it to 1.

 Let’s consider a number 5.

 Then ~5 will be,

5 = (00000101)₂

~5 = (11111010)₂. It will convert all 1 to 0 and 0 to 1.

 Program:

 #include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

   int a = 9; 

   int c;          

   c = ~(a);     

   printf("The Ones Complement is %d", c);

   getch();

}

Right shift Operator: The right shift operator is represented by >>. It needs two operands. It shifts each bit in its left operand to the right.

The >> (right shift) in C takes two numbers, right shifts the bits of the first operand, the second operand decides the number of places to shift. In other words, right shifting an integer “a” with an integer “b” can be denoted as a>>b.

 For example: if the variable ch contains the bit pattern 11010111, then, ch >> 1 would give 01101011

 Program:

     #include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

   int a = 5; 

   int c;          

   c = a>>1;     

   printf("After Right Shift result is %d", c);

   getch();

}

 Left shift Operator: The left shift operator is represented by <<. It needs two operands. It shifts each bit in its left operand to the left.

The << (left shift) in C takes two numbers, left shifts the bits of the first operand, the second operand decides the number of places to shift. In other words, left shifting an integer “a” with an integer “b” can be denoted as a<<b.

 For example: if the variable ch contains the bit pattern 11010111, then, ch << 1 would give 10101110

Program:

      #include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

   int a = 5; 

   int c;          

   c = a<<1;     

   printf("After Left Shift result is %d", c);

   getch();

}

 

Bit wise operator- AND

This operator is represented as &. It is different than &&, the logical AND operator. The bit wise & operator operates on two operands. While operating upon these two operands they are compared on a bit-by-bit basis so both the operands must be of the same data type.

The rules for bit wise & operations are as follows:

 

For example:

A=5;

B=4;

C = A & B

It can be represented as

00000101            Original Bit Pattern

00000100             Mask with 4

----------------

00000000             Result

 

Program:

      #include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

   int a = 5, b = 4; 

   int c;          

   c = a & b;     

   printf("After AND operation result is %d", c);

   getch();

}

Bit wise operator- OR

This operator is represented as |. It is different than ||, the logical OR operator. The bit wise | operator operates on two operands. While operating upon these two operands they are compared on a bit-by-bit basis so both the operands must be of the same data type.

 The rules for bit wise | operations are as follows:

 

For example:

A=5;

B=4;

C = A | B

It can be represented as

00000101            Original Bit Pattern

00000100             Mask with 4

----------------

00000101             Result

 Program:

      #include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

   int a = 5, b = 4; 

   int c;          

   c = a | b;     

   printf("After OR operation result is %d", c);

   getch();

}

Bit wise operator- XOR

This operator is represented as ^. The bit wise ^ operator operates on two operands. While operating upon these two operands they are compared on a bit-by-bit basis so both the operands must be of the same data type.

 The rules for bit wise ^ operations are as follows:

 For example:

A=5;

B=4;

C = A ^ B

It can be represented as

00000101            Original Bit Pattern

00000100             Mask with 4

----------------

00000001             Result

 

Program:

      #include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

   int a = 5, b = 4; 

   int c;          

   c = a ^ b;     

   printf("After XOR operation result is %d", c);

   getch();

}