Arrays:
Ø An
array is defined as the collection of similar type of data items stored at
contiguous memory locations.
Ø An array is a group (or collection) of same
data types.
Ø An array is defined as finite ordered
collection of homogenous data, stored in contiguous memory locations.
Ø An array is
also known as a subscripted variable.
Ø Arrays
are the derived data type in C programming language which can store the
primitive type of data such as int, char, double, float, etc. It also has the
capability to store the collection of derived data types, such as pointers,
structure, etc. The array is the simplest data structure where each data
element can be randomly accessed by using its index number.
Ø Each
item in the array is called an element.
Ø Every
element of an array is identified by a number and is known as index / subscript
of an array element.
Ø Array
element index always start with zero (0).
C language support two types of
array
1)
One
Dimensional Array
2)
Multidimensional
Array
One Dimensional
The array
which have only one dimension i.e. elements in row or column fashion is non as
one dimensional array.
Declaration of array:
The array variable can be
declared as
dataType
arrayName[arraySize];
Example
int marks[5];
in above example int is a data
type,
marks is a name of array, number
in square bracket indicates the total number of elements to be stored in an
array. i.e. size of an array.
Initialization of array elements:
Array
elements can be initialized in two different ways.
1)
At the time of
initialization
int marks[5] = {44,55,66,44,33};
2)
After
declaration of array variable, using index of array
marks[0] = 44;
marks[1] = 55;
marks[2] = 66;
marks[3] = 44;
marks[4] = 33;
To access array elements one can
use any looping construct as shown in example below.
Example 1: initialize array
elements and display using for loop.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int i;
int marks[5] =
{44,55,66,33,55};
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf("\n %d",marks[i]);
}
getch();
}
Example 2: Read array elements
and display them.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int i;
int marks[5];
clrscr();
printf(“Enter 5 elements of an array”);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&marks[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf("\n marks[%d] = %d",i, marks[i]);
}
getch();
}
Example
3: Read array elements and display total of them.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int i, tot=0;
int marks[5];
clrscr();
printf(“Enter 5 elements of an array”);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&marks[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
tot = tot + marks[i]);
}
printf("\n Sum
of all elements of an array is %d”,tot);
getch();
}
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